Polycythemia Vera (PV) is a rare blood disorder in which the bone marrow produces too many red blood cells, thickening the blood and increasing the risk of clots, strokes, and heart attacks. This condition is classified as a type of chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm, meaning it is a slow-growing blood cancer.

Causes of Polycythemia Vera

The exact cause of PV is unknown, but most cases are linked to a mutation in the JAK2 gene, which affects blood cell production. This mutation leads to excessive red blood cell production, sometimes accompanied by an increase in white blood cells and platelets.

Symptoms of Polycythemia Vera

PV often develops slowly, and symptoms may not appear for years. When present, symptoms can include:
✔️ Fatigue and weakness
✔️ Headaches and dizziness
✔️ Itchy skin, especially after a warm bath
✔️ Red or flushed skin tone
✔️ Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly)
✔️ Shortness of breath and chest pain
✔️ Increased risk of blood clots

Diagnosis and Treatment

PV is diagnosed through blood tests, genetic testing, and bone marrow biopsy. While there is no cure, treatment focuses on reducing blood thickness and preventing complications. Common treatments include:
✔️ Phlebotomy: Removing blood regularly to lower red cell levels
✔️ Medications: Hydroxyurea or interferon therapy to slow blood production
✔️ Low-dose aspirin: To prevent clot formation
✔️ JAK2 inhibitors: Targeted therapy for severe cases

Living with Polycythemia Vera

Managing PV requires regular check-ups with a hematologist specialist to monitor blood counts and adjust treatment as needed. A healthy lifestyle, staying hydrated, and avoiding smoking can help reduce complications.

If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of PV, consult a hematology oncology expert for proper evaluation and management. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve quality of life.

Dr. Pawan Kumar – Leading BMT Specialist in Noida

Dr. Pawan Kumar Singh is a highly skilled Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) specialist and hematologist, renowned for his expertise in treating complex blood disorders. With extensive experience in hematology oncology, he has successfully performed numerous autologous and allogeneic bone marrow transplants, including haploidentical and matched sibling transplants.